Promises, Governance, Betrayal?

Why do electoral promises struggle so much when faced with the realities of power? Why do so many leaders, once elected, find it difficult to ‘put their money where their mouth is’? And why do some still manage to succeed?

The return of Donald Trump to the White House in early 2025 presents an almost clinical and fascinating case study. Rarely has a leader made so many promises, and even more rarely have they acted on them—yet seldom in the exact manner expected.